In 1996 the 49er was chosen to be the twin trapeze skiff choice for Olympic sailing. It was designed by Julian Bethwaite and is an evolution of the International 14’s and
Aussie 18’s. The 49er was an overnight success, with 80 boats competing in the class’s first international regatta a year after being named the new Olympic skiff. Now 5 Olympics later the 49er has evolved into the top skiff boat for the Olympics.
The History
The 49ers history starts back in 1996 where top sailors from around the world traveled to Lake Garda for a trial of different classes to see which would be the new twin-trapeze skiff for the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. The 49er proved to be the favorite for the sailors, and by November 1996 it was named the new Olympic skiff. Once named the Olympic skiff the production for the 49er was in high demand, with a waiting list developing within a matter of days after the Olympic announcement. Boat builders around the world worked hard to fill the demand. Two of the major boat builders that helped to grow 49er class are Ovington Boats based in England and Mackay Boats in New Zealand. The European Championships in Weymouth was the first international regatta held in September 1997. A total of 80 boats were already competing only a year after being announced as the new Olympic skiff. Since its launch in 1996, the 49er has been an instant hit and has evolved into the favorite skiff boat around the world.

The Boat
The name of the 49er comes from its hull length in meters, which is 4.99. Julian Bethwaite designed it, and it incorporates ideas from his design of the Aussie 18. The 49er is easy to handle and is controllable in conditions over 20 knots. Build out of fiberglass and carbon fiber the 49er is strong and light, weighing in at 275 pounds when fully rigged. As with any boat, the construction has gone through some changes through the years. In 2009 Mackay Boats build the new class molds which are now used by all builders worldwide. Also during this time, other improvements were made including a significant upgrade to the wings which are now pinned in place instead of sitting on sliding tracks. The wings are 9 feet wide with allows the crew to have maximum leverage. The sail area is 639 square feet which makes this small boat very fast! The vang uses a “ram vang” system; this system benefits the boat in three ways. First, it is a safer system because it pushes the boom down from above rather than pulling it down from below, which holds the mid-mast forward and prevents it from inverting when under pressure from the spinnaker. Second, it leaves the front cockpit open which allows for the crew to move more freely and efficiently across the boat. Thirdly, it brings the mainsail working area down to the deck level which helps reduce the drag. These boats are built for speed with top speeds over 20 knots, which makes it essential for the skipper and crew to work together to avoid any mistakes which can lead to capsizing. To be competitive on the water 49er sailors need to be reactive and quick-thinkers.

49erFX
The 49er introduced a new exciting form of sailing to the world. Mackay Boats in New Zealand found a way for more sailors to get involved and developed a smaller rig that fit into the 49er, the 49erFX. They trialed the 49erFX against several other boats, and it was selected to be used for the 2016 Olympics in Brazil. The 49erFX has made the experience of the 49er available to top women sailors. The FX uses a main with a wider head and only five battens, with the wider head a stiffer mast is needed to keep the boat in control through different wind conditions. The FX sail design makes it so that it can compete with the 49er in most upwind and downwind conditions. Two differences sailors notice the most between the 49er and FX is the rig depowers the boat, making it more easy to handle in winds 20-25 knots. Another positive difference is the performance downwind; the FX more easily bears away as the spinnaker is much flatter and flies further off the boat. Also, the bow lifts more out of the water which means sailors can go through waves without nosediving as they would in the 49er. This skiff requires sailors to be on top of their game with their skills, balance, and be in top shape. The 49erFX is a thrilling skiff that has paved the way for women sailors to compete in a high- performance boat and has shown the world that women sailors are amazing athletes!
For more info on the class go to www.49er.org
Click here for a video about the 49er.
Click here for a video about the 49erFX.

Blog
One Design News: Sonar North Americans heads to Noroton Yacht Club
December 11, 2017 (Darien, CT). The International Sonar Class Association and Noroton Yacht Club are pleased to announce that the 2018 Sonar North American Championship will be held at Noroton Yacht club in Darien, CT on Sept 13-16, 2018.
Over 40 boats are expected for four days of fun and fast sailing at one of the premier sailing venues and legendary one-design racing clubs on the East Coast. With direct access to Long Island Sound, coupled with September’s warm water and traditional 10-15 knot SW breeze, Noroton Yacht Club provides the perfect venue for a championship of this venerable Class. Sonars charters and limited housing are available. See NOR for details.
Noroton YC has excellent hoisting facilities to speed up launching and hauling, and will provide moorings for all competitors at no cost. There are many hotels within a 5-10 minute drive of the club. Noroton is also only 5 minutes from Interstate 95, and a 50-minute train ride into Manhattan, for those interested in pre- or post-regatta sightseeing.
Shoreside, Noroton YC’s new clubhouse will play host to a variety of social events, including a Thursday night welcome reception, Friday Night BBQ, and Saturday Night Dinner Dance.
Preliminary Schedule
Thursday, 9/13: 0800 to 1900 Launching and Registration
1430 Practice Race
1800 Competitor’s Meeting
1830 Welcome Cocktail Reception
Friday, 9/14: 1000 First Warning Signal
1830 BBQ Dinner
Saturday, 9/15: 1000 First Warning Signal
1830 Cocktails and Dinner Dance
Sunday, 9/16: 1000 First Warning Signal
Awards to follow racing (no warning signal after 1400 hours)
Regatta registration and information is available at: https://yachtscoring.com/emenu.cfm?eID=4554
The Notice of Race is at: https://sail1design.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sonar20NA20NOR202018.pdf
Online registration is now open at: https://yachtscoring.com/event_registration_email.cfm
And regatta gear can be purchased from apparel sponsor Team 1 Newport.
Two weekends after the Sonar North American’s, Noroton YC will host the annual Kirby Cup – The Sonar Class Association Team Race Championship.
Contacts:
General Information/Sponsorships Media
Scott MacLeod Michael Rudnick
[email protected] [email protected]
About Noroton Yacht Club
Noroton Yacht Club is located in Darien, CT. Founded in 1928, the club is dedicated to promoting family participation in sailboat racing and recreational sailing.
Noroton YC has a rich heritage of one-design fleet and team racing. Noroton members currently sail Sonars, Ideal-18s and Vipers, and the Club has a fleet of over 50 Cruising boats. Noroton members participate in Club racing as well as other local, regional, national and off-shore distance racing and cruising events.
Noroton members have competed at the highest levels of the sport, including the America’s Cup, Olympic campaigns, and Collegiate All-Americans. Noroton sailors won the Sonar Worlds in 2015 & 2017, well as title-holders of many prestigious Varsity, Masters and Grandmasters team race regattas in the past decade.
Noroton also has a large and well-respected junior sailing program for ages from 8 to 18, member and non-member children sailing Optimists, Pixels, Lasers and 420’s. Noroton also hosts the Darien High School Sailing Team in the Spring and Fall.
About the Sonar
The Sonar is a 23-foot keelboat, normally sailed with a crew of four, with a fractional rig and symmetrical spinnaker. The Sonar was designed by long-time Noroton YC member and legendary yacht designer Bruce Kirby specifically to meet Noroton YC’s requirements of a one-design keelboat for club-racing.
The first prototype Sonar was sailed out of Noroton Yacht Club in March 1980. The Class Association was formed shortly thereafter. And the Sonar obtained Recognized status with World Sailing as an international class in 2000. The Sonar was the three-person Paralympic keelboat from 2000 – 2016, and has become the boat-of-choice for team racing. Over 800 boats have been built, with fleets in six countries.
Norfolk Yacht & Country Club is Hiring!
News Flash: Norfolk Yacht & Country Club is hiring all levels of it’s 2018 Summer Staff!!
After successfully helping host the 2017 Optimist US National Championship, the Norfolk Yacht and Country Club continues to pursue its mission and offers wonderful sailing opportunities for the Norfolk, VA area community. I was able to gather some thoughts and observations of this great sailing club during my two-week stay. This is one great club!!
From Commodore Rick Sanford, “Norfolk Yacht and Country Club is a warm and welcoming Club where its member families and guests have unique experiences which create lifelong friendships and memories. Our first-class waterfront setting provides a wide-range of social activities and recreational facilities for member enjoyment and perpetuates a culture of camaraderie and fun among our members. NYCC also has a vibrant boating community with recreational and competitive sailing for sailors of all ages.” Our power boaters enjoy cruising our many waterways and the occasional ‘poker run.’”
BRIEF HISTORY
In the late 1890’s, a small group of citizens sought to establish a place where they might enjoy outdoor activities and the camaraderie of likeminded souls. On April 20, 1896, the group received a charter to establish the Country Club. Leaving the city, the founders leased property in the country, along the banks of the Elizabeth River, in what is now called Edgewater.
Although Norfolk’s city limits did not extend past the Hague at the time, the founders were convinced that others would be enticed to this rural setting to escape the congestions in the city and enjoy the amenities of the Club. The Club grew rapidly, and soon it was necessary to lease more land in order to expand the facilities. Six years later, however, it was apparent that the Club had outgrown this location. In 1902, the Club purchased a 35-acre site several miles downstream, near Sewells Point. A new, larger clubhouse was built, as well as four tennis courts and a nine-hole golf course.
During this time, new neighborhoods sprouted up in Riverview, Colonial Place and Larchmont. The primary access to them was by trolley or automobile. Unfortunately, the trolley service was not dependable, and the roads were often barely passable. The leaders of the Club soon realized they had made a mistake: The new site suffered from poor accessibility. Norfolk, on the other hand, had bold plans for a major redevelopment near this very site. Norfolk was set to be the host city for a seven-month celebration to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Jamestown settlement. The site for the festivities was Sewells Point. The Jamestown Exposition sparked a surge in constructions as Norfolk prepared to welcome the rest of the country. The Club’s leaders, not wanting to miss an opportunity, sold its Sewells Point property in 1906.
A search for another, more accessible site was begun. In 1908, a location was selected along the banks of the Lafayette River. It was convenient to the trolley line and to the bridge across the river. It had ample space for the Club’s sports facilities, along with a magnificent waterfront view. On February 22, 1909, the Country Club opened with a new clubhouse, four tennis courts and a nine-hole golf course. In 1915, additional land was acquired to enlarge the golf course to eighteen holes. The golf course, regrettably, was short-lived.
As the country prepared to enter World War I, Norfolk’s leaders worked to persuade the US government that the former exposition site was an excellent center for military operations. In early 1917, the Navy leased space in a downtown office building as the headquarters of the Fifth Naval District. It wasn’t long before the Navy decided that it had to have the exposition site, and it bought the property for almost $500,000. To support the war effort and Norfolk’s growing importance as a military center, the government needed part of the Club’s new golf course for a cargo terminal. The Country Club had to give up the land that today is known as Norfolk International Terminals. About ten years later, the Club sold the remainder of its golf course; that land became Lochhaven.
In 1923, Norfolk annexed a huge tract of land that included the Country Club, and, for the first time, the Club was within the city limits. In 1927, in deference to this fact, the Club voted to change its name to the Norfolk Country Club. Within a few years, the Club attracted the attention of yachtsmen who believed that the waterfront location was an excellent place for a marina. In recognition of this popular new addition to the Club’s activities, the Club changed its name once more in January, 1936, to the Norfolk Yacht and Country Club.
In just 40 years, the little Club founded on a small, leased site in Edgewater had become a prominent fixture on the banks of the Lafayette River. In these early years, the Club flourished and faltered, reflecting the fortunes of its membership and the city at large. The next sixty years were times of unparalleled growth for both Norfolk and the Club. Surely, there were more bumps along the way, but Norfolk and the Club prospered under the leadership that had the vision to dream of great things and the courage to implement them.
HERE AND NOW
Ever conscious of our impact on the river, we have a large contingent of members who participate in the Clean the Bay Day every year. We clean our waterfront and the western waterfront of the Norfolk International Terminals where we collect hundreds of pounds of junk. The Club is an Elizabeth River Project “River Star Business” for our voluntary pollution prevention and wildlife habitat enhancement (we incubate several baby oyster hatcheries). We are also a “Virginia Clean Marina” for our voluntary adoption of measures that prevent or reduce pollution.
NYCC hosts High School sailing in the Fall and Spring seasons in the fleet of Flying Juniors and the Club’s coach boats. Three local schools: Norfolk Collegiate, Norfolk Academy and Maury High School share the boats every weekday to practice and most weekends NYCC hosts (actually, one of the 3 local schools host) a regatta. Regional, State and even National high school regattas find their way to our facility. With the prevailing wind from the SW, the club provides an excellent viewing venue for fans and parents to witness “up close racing” without venturing into the elements (this is most important in November and March). Many of our local sailors have reached high school all-state and all-American levels. Many have gone on to race at the collegiate level and beyond. NYCC sailors have also reached the Collegiate All-American level.
The Club’s Junior Sailing Program is the oldest running summer program at the club; with a rich history, spanning over 65 years, the junior program boasts an array of alumni and coaches that range from CBYRA champions, to College All-Americans, and even an Olympic Gold Medalist! The six-week summer camp features the International Optimist Dinghy and The Flying Junior sloop, and offers classes for all skill levels. Sailors range from 8-18 years old and do not need any formal training prior to enrollment. Give your child the unique opportunity to make new friends, learn to sail and gain confidence and independence on the water. Each year we have nearly 100 young sailors participate. Sailing is a sport for life!
Junior Sailing isn’t all about regattas and trophies. Every day at NYCC Junior Sailing Camp incorporates fun activities for all ages and skill levels. While boat handling, safety and wind/weather provide a lot to be learned, Instructors also incorporate fun elements into the daily routine to maximize camper enjoyment. On and off the water, NYCC Junior Sailing Camp provides a great balance of learning and fun.
The oldest, most tradition-rich regatta hosted by NYCC is The Governor’s Cup. Traditionally held on the Saturday of Labor Day weekend, it is a regatta rich in history which we have hosted for the past 73 years for the Hampton One Design class. The cup itself can usually be found behind the bar in the Lafayette Room of the Main Clubhouse and is a stunning work of art in and of itself. The following description of the Governor’s Cup is pulled from a regatta program produced by NYCC in 1979 and provides insight on how the cup came to exist: The Governor’s Cup (Virginia State Championship for Hampton One-Designs). After the last series of races of the Norfolk Yacht Racing Association in late August of 1944, it was the desire of the Commodore to establish a Virginia State Championship trophy for the Hampton One-Design Class sailboat.
In the following week contributions came in from many people who were acquainted with sail racing as a sport, along with contributions from many of Norfolk’s business firms. It was decided after the purchase of the beautiful silver cup, that the appropriate name be Governor’s Cup. After writing Governor Colgate W. Darden, Jr., (a Norfolk native) and explaining that our cup was for the promotion of good sportsmanship among the challengers for this cup, Governor Darden returned a letter on September 6, 1944 and replied that: “I have received your letter of the 5th and I shall be very glad to have a trophy designated as you suggest. “I wish to commend you for your activities in promoting interest in sailing. It is a most worthwhile sport.” We are very grateful that we had a sailboat enthusiast and sportsman to sponsor our cup. This is a perpetual trophy which will always be on display at the Norfolk Yacht and Country Club, with the name of the winner engraved on a silver plaque at the base. The winner shall be awarded a suitable trophy to remain in their possession. It is our hope that anyone who has a passion for sailing can come and experience this event, our goal is to return this regatta back to its former glory and strive to get as many boats on the line as possible. Over the years, the competing classes have expanded beyond the Hamptons and includes Lasers, Optis, Flying Juniors, Flying Scots, Club 420s, Sunfish and any other class that can muster more than one boat. Five boats will get their own start.
We also have a ‘big boat’ program with Spring and Fall Friday evening Races for the PHRF racers. We host the CBYRA-sanctioned New Willoughby Challenge in July of each year with a course set in the Hampton Roads with a picnic afterword.
FUTURE
The Club is set to embark upon a new capital improvement plan which will be a multi-million renovation and expansion of our current dining and social venues, upgraded the tennis facility and tripling the size of the dock house among other improvements. The Junior Sailing program has a goal of continued excellence in instruction and to expand the youth sailing instruction season into the Spring and Fall months. We will continue to expand the reach of our junior sailors beyond the Chesapeake Bay.
Honing Your Mental Game
S1D is pleased to welcome our newest sponsor and team member: Reaching Ahead Counseling & Mental Performance
Honing Your Mental Game—Sailing is a unique sport with many facets. Success comes from overall training plan encompassing development of technical expertise, boat speed, strategy, boat handling, tactics, physical training, and mastery of the mental game. In interviews with Olympians, professionals, or other top athletes, successes or failures are often attributed to cognitive or emotional experiences. Elite sailors control as many controllables as possible, and yet, sometimes mental skills are sometimes left up to chance.
You wouldn’t go to a big regatta expecting to consistently go fast without having first worked on boatspeed. How could you expect mental consistency without having first trained the mind?
Training needs always vary from sailor to sailor, and the first step to honing any skill is too build awareness. Awareness in boatspeed could mean tuning into components of the experience like degree of heel. Likewise, noticing your thoughts moment to moment enables greater influence toward more consistently helpful thought patterns.
A good frame of mind can lead to time ‘in the zone’ (as media labels it) or experiencing ‘flow’ (as researchers call it). You can’t make a flow state occur, but you can set the stage such that falling into it becomes more likely. Understanding concepts and knowing your own strengths and weaknesses allows for a more intentional setting the stage. Skills that I often dive into with clients include the “Dirty Dozen”: Knowing your Values, Understanding your Motivation, Engaging SMART Process Goals, Building Self-Talk Habits, Developing Mindful Routines, Utilize Mental Imagery, Tuning Into YOU, Hanging in there with Anxiety, Assertive Communication, Channeling Emotions, Persevering with Energy Management, and Reducing Anxiety.
Winning events or medals are obvious carrots to chase after, but thinking about trying to win (or dwelling on fear of bad performance) usually has nothing to do with tasks at hand (like observing sail shape or having a solid tack). I often work with athletes on setting goals centered on processes in the NOW. Similarly, our brains are often filled with chatter that is adaptive or maladaptive. At times when thoughts are actually helpful, it’s akin to riding a good wave- you want to allow it for as long as possible. But when thoughts are maladaptive, it is like Laser sailing in the trough of a wave that is sending you into a pitchpole; that wave needs to be rolled! I work with athletes on rolling past less helpful thoughts, sometimes with hard counters, and more often utilizing mindfulness techniques.
An athlete’s energy management is influenced by some of these same factors, plus lifestyle choices, and through psychophysiological techniques like developing an optimally paced breath. This makes a difference on and off the water, especially in the midst of stressful tactical situations. Energy management techniques can also contribute to more flexible attention. Demonstrating that we usually can’t “control” attention, I often tell sailors “don’t think about pink elephants.” Close your eyes for 10 seconds and try it. Your brain is likely already filled with pink elephants. We might not be able to control attention, but we can be mindful about steering it directions that are more helpful, creating attention habits through good routines. Mental (movement-focused) imagery can be a useful to sailors and other athletes across situations such as: preparing for certain regatta sites, honing a boat handling skill, spontaneous usage on or off the race course, or by combining it with traditional coaching techniques such as video analysis.
With coaches and others, I often work on good communication skills. Contrary to popular belief, it is not a pre-requisite for teams to get along socially. “Task cohesion” is much more important than “social cohesion.” Sailors need to know that they can count on important people like their coaches or their crew. And when everything else (including trust) is in place, good social relationships can add a synergy to the package. It makes the experience fun and can fuel motivation. Whether communicating task needs or social needs, learning a balance between a directive and collaborative style can make all the difference and making sure that the other person feels heard. Cliché, but true, we have two ears and one mouth for a reason!
Formats for the work I do with sailors and athletes can vary. Ideal training can involve ongoing individual consultation for coaches and/or sailors, and can incorporate in-person meetings for teams. Check out my new mental training programs for junior sailors, adults, and coaches!
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Dr. Tim Herzog’s practice, Reaching Ahead Counseling and Mental Performance, is located in Annapolis, Maryland. An avid sailor himself, Tim moved back east 4 years ago from Bozeman, Montana, in order to be on the water and involved with sailing again. Tim combines a background of academic rigor (2 Masters and a Doctorate) with practical sailing (4th at J70 Mindwinters, 2016) and coaching experience (former Head Coach at Boston College, 5th at Dinghy Nationals + 4 All-American Honors). He enjoys working with sailors on the mental game, and helping athletes to surpass whatever barriers to performance.
Calling all Cars, One-Design ABP: Missing i420 Trophy. Can You Help?
From Yale Sailing Coach Bill Healy:
I’m trying to find the original US I420 perpetual national championship trophy. I have a not so great photo of it attached here. It’s
a wire outline of two 420’s Sailing upwind. When the class went dormant here in the US the trophy was lost and forgotten about. With the class making a little bit of a comeback it would be nice to keep awarding it. I think there are some famous names on there; Benjamin, Reeser, Hutchinson.
If you have any information leading to the discovery of this trophy, please EMAIL US!
Carolina Yacht Club (North Carolina) is Hiring!
The Carolina Yacht Club, in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, is now accepting applications for a full-time Waterfront Director.
This full-time, year round benefit position has overall responsibility as a Director of activities for all waterfront programs, summer youth programs and adult and junior sailing programs and boat chartering related to collegiate and high school sailing programs.

“In 1853 seven men who loved sailing founded the Carolina Yacht Club. Richard Bradley, Parker Quince, John Reston, Talcott Burr, Daniel Baker, T.M. Gardner, and Richard J. Jones took sailing only a little less seriously than their work in law, banking, publishing, commerce and public service. They fiercely competed in regattas on the river, sound, and sea, and celebrated their victories at merry Banks parties.
Today the one thousand members of the Carolina Yacht Club carry on the tradition of sailing and socializing.” –CYC Chronicles
The Carolina Yacht Club Chronicles by Anne Russell is available for purchase at the Club Store.

